Viola tricolor
Taxonomy: Angiospermae, Malpighiales, Violaceae, Viola
Links: http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Viola-tricolor.htm
Published: 2020-12-02
Pollen Description
Shape, Size and Aperture
pollen unit: monad, dispersal unit and peculiarities: monad, size (pollen unit): large (51-100 µm), size of hydrated pollen (LM): 51-100 µm, shortest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): 51-100 µm, longest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): 51-100 µm, shortest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 51-100 µm, longest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 51-100 µm, pollen class: colporate, polarity: isopolar, P/E-ratio: oblate, shape: -, outline in polar view: quadrangular, dominant orientation (LM): oblique, P/E-ratio (dry pollen): prolate, shape (dry pollen): -, outline in polar view (dry pollen): quadrangular, infoldings (dry pollen): interapertural area sunken, aperture number: 4, aperture type: colporus, aperture condition: colporate, tetracolporate, aperture peculiarities: -
Ornamentation and Structure
LM ornamentation LM: gemmate, verrucate, scabrate, nexine: -, sexine: -, SEM ornamentation SEM: perforate, suprasculpture SEM: -, TEM tectum: eutectate, infratectum: granular, foot layer: continuous, endexine: compact-continuous, intine: monolayered, wall peculiarities: tenuitas, supratectal element: -
Miscellaneous
pollen coatings: pollenkitt, reserves in cytoplasm: starch, cell number: 2-celled, Ubisch bodies: present
Annotations: pollen often 5 colporate
Author(s) of diagnosis: Bombosi, Paula; Heigl, Helmut
Pictures
1. flower(s)
2. polar view, upper focus
3. optical section
4. polar view, lower focus
5. pollen grain with vegetative nucleus (asterisk) and generative cell (arrow)
6. hydrated pollen
7. hydrated pollen
8. hydrated pollen
9. polar view
10. equatorial view
11. detail of aperture
12. polar area
13. exine surface
14. polar view (dry pollen grain)
15. dry pollen grain in equatorial view
16. pollen grain in cross section
17. interapertural area of pollen wall, intine (I), endexine (E)
18. aperture, intine (I)
19. Ubisch bodies (U)
Picture legend
- flower(s), photographer: Bombosi, P.
- polar view, upper focus - dry, acetolyzed, unstained, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- optical section - dry, acetolyzed, unstained, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- polar view, lower focus - dry, acetolyzed, unstained, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- pollen grain with vegetative nucleus (asterisk) and generative cell (arrow) - fixed, glutaraldehyde, aceto-carmine, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, unstained, photographer: Heigl, H.
- hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Heigl, H.
- hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Heigl, H.
- polar view - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- equatorial view - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- detail of aperture - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- polar area - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- exine surface - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- polar view (dry pollen grain) - dry, sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- dry pollen grain in equatorial view - dry, sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- pollen grain in cross section - fresh, glutaraldehyde & osmium & potassium ferrocyanide, uranyl acetate & lead citrate, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- interapertural area of pollen wall, intine (I), endexine (E) - fresh, glutaraldehyde & osmium & potassium ferrocyanide, uranyl acetate & lead citrate, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- aperture, intine (I) - fresh, glutaraldehyde & osmium & potassium ferrocyanide, modified Thiéry-test, photographer: Bombosi, P.
- Ubisch bodies (U) - fresh, glutaraldehyde & osmium & potassium ferrocyanide, modified Thiéry-test, photographer: Bombosi, P.
Literature
- (1994) Exkursionsflora von Österreich : 1180
- (1998) Preparing living pollen material for scanning electron microscopy using 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and criticalpoint drying. Biotechnic Histochem 73: 137–143
Copyright and Citation
Cite this publication as:
Bombosi P., Heigl H. 2020. Viola tricolor. In: PalDat - A palynological database. https://pc8.botanik.univie.ac.at/pub/Viola_tricolor/304226;jsessionid=BE5E4A546B801E60B394B7E9FDFDA7BA; accessed 2025-01-25