Polygala amara

Taxonomy: Angiospermae, Fabales, Polygalaceae, Polygala

Links: http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Polygala-amara-amara.htm

Published: 2021-02-01

Pollen Description

Shape, Size and Aperture

pollen unit: monad, dispersal unit and peculiarities: monad, size (pollen unit): medium-sized (26-50 µm), size of hydrated pollen (LM): 41-50 µm, 36-40 µm, shortest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): 36-40 µm, longest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): 36-40 µm, shortest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 36-40 µm, longest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): 36-40 µm, pollen class: colporate, polarity: isopolar, P/E-ratio: -, shape: spheroidal, outline in polar view: circular, dominant orientation (LM): oblique, P/E-ratio (dry pollen): prolate, shape (dry pollen): -, outline in polar view (dry pollen): no suitable term, infoldings (dry pollen): aperture(s) sunken, aperture number: >6, aperture type: colporus, aperture condition: stephanocolporate, colporate, aperture peculiarities: stephanoaperturate

Ornamentation and Structure

LM ornamentation LM: psilate, nexine: -, sexine: -, SEM ornamentation SEM: psilate, suprasculpture SEM: -, TEM tectum: eutectate, infratectum: columellate, foot layer: continuous, endexine: compact-continuous, intine: monolayered, wall peculiarities: -, supratectal element: -

Miscellaneous

pollen coatings: pollenkitt, reserves in cytoplasm: starch, cell number: 3-celled, Ubisch bodies: absent

Author(s) of diagnosis: Bombosi, Paula; Auer, Waltraud

Pictures

1. flower(s)

2. polar view, upper focus

3. optical section

4. polar view, lower focus

5. hydrated pollen

6. hydrated pollen

7. hydrated pollen

8. polar view

9. equatorial view

10. detail of aperture

11. exine surface

12. polar view (dry pollen grain)

13. dry pollen grain in equatorial view

14. pollen grain in cross section

15. interapertural area of pollen wall, intine (I), endexine (E)

16. apertural area of pollen wall, intine (I)

Picture legend

flower(s), photographer: Halbritter, H.
polar view, upper focus - dry, acetolyzed, unstained, photographer: Bombosi, P.
optical section - dry, acetolyzed, unstained, photographer: Bombosi, P.
polar view, lower focus - dry, acetolyzed, unstained, photographer: Bombosi, P.
hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, unstained, photographer: Auer, W.
hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Auer, W.
hydrated pollen - fresh, glycerine, ruthenium red, photographer: Auer, W.
polar view - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
equatorial view - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
detail of aperture - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
exine surface - fresh, rehydrated (water) & critical point dried & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
polar view (dry pollen grain) - dry, sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
dry pollen grain in equatorial view - dry, sputter coated with gold, photographer: Bombosi, P.
pollen grain in cross section - fresh, glutaraldehyde & osmium & potassium ferrocyanide, uranyl acetate & lead citrate, photographer: Bombosi, P.
interapertural area of pollen wall, intine (I), endexine (E) - fresh, glutaraldehyde & osmium & potassium ferrocyanide, uranyl acetate & lead citrate, photographer: Bombosi, P.
apertural area of pollen wall, intine (I) - fresh, glutaraldehyde & osmium & potassium ferrocyanide, modified Thiéry-test, photographer: Bombosi, P.

Literature

Arreguin-Sanchez ML, Palacios-Chavez R, Quiroz-Garcia DL, Ramos-Zamora D (1988) Morfologia de los granos de polen de la familia Polygalaceae del Valle de Mexico. Acta Bot Mex 4: 21-27
Braga R (1961) Palynological notes - 3. Contribution to the study of the pollen morphology of genus Polygala L. Tribuna Farm, Brasil 29: 54-55
Eriksen B (1993) Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and its taxonomic implications. In: Eriksen B., Taxonomical studies in the Polygalaceae and Valerianaceae. Thesis, University of Göteborg V: 1-17
Larson DA, Skvarla JJ (1961) The morphology and fine structure of pollen of Polygala alba Nutt. and P. incarnata L. Pollen et Spores 3: 21-32
Merxmüller H, Heubl GR (1983) Karyologische und palynologische Studien zur Verwandtschaft der Polygala chamaebuxus L. Bot Helv 93: 133-144
Nauman CE (1981) Polygala grandiflora Walter (Polygalaceae) re-examined. Sida 9: 1-18
Paiva J, Santos DJD (1990) The pollen grain of Polygala fruticosa Berg (Polygalaceae). Anales Jard Bot Madrid 47: 377-385
Palacios-Chavez R, Arreguin-Sánchez ML, Quiroz-Garcia DL (1990) Flora polínica de Chamela, Jalisco (Familias Alismaceae, Anacardiaceae, Begoniaceae, Bixaceae, Cochlospermaceae, Hernandiaceae y Polygalaceae). Cuadernos de trabajo INAH 42: 95-112
Phatak MS, Kumbhojkar MS (1992) Palyno-taxonomical study of the genus Polygala L. from Western Maharashtra. In: Abstracts. Proc of the 79° session of the Indian Science congress, Baroda : 47
Simpson BB, Skvarla JJ (1981) Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of Krameria (Krameriaceae): untility in question of intrafamilial and interfamilial classification. Amer J Bot 68: 277-294
Villanueva E, Ramos A (1986) Contribución al estudio polínico de Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) en la Península Ibérica. An Jard Bot Madrid 42: 377-388
Adler W, Oswald K, Fischer R. (1994) Exkursionsflora von Österreich : 1180
Halbritter, H (1998) Preparing living pollen material for scanning electron microscopy using 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and criticalpoint drying. Biotechnic Histochem 73: 137–143

Copyright and Citation

Cite this publication as:

Bombosi P., Auer W., Halbritter H. 2021. Polygala amara. In: PalDat - A palynological database. https://pc8.botanik.univie.ac.at/pub/Polygala_amara/305123; accessed 2025-04-28

PalDat - Palynological Database

an online publication on recent pollen