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PalDat - Palynological Database

an online publication on recent pollen

Ilex paraguariensis

Taxonomy: Angiospermae, Aquifoliales, Aquifoliaceae, Ilex

Links: https://www.tropicos.org/name/2000339

Annotations: Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.Hil.), also called mate, is consumed as mate tea (hot or iced), chimarrão or tereré in Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia and Chile. It is considered a symbolic tree of Rio Grande do Sul (the southernmost state in Brazil).

Published: 2024-07-23

Pollen Description

Shape, Size and Aperture

pollen unit: monad,  dispersal unit and peculiarities: monad,  size (pollen unit): medium-sized (26-50 µm),  size of hydrated pollen (LM): -,  shortest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): -,  longest polar axis in equatorial view (LM): -,  shortest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): -,  longest diameter in equatorial or polar view (LM): -,  pollen class: colporate,  polarity: isopolar,  P/E-ratio: prolate,  shape: spheroidal,  outline in polar view: circular,  dominant orientation (LM): -,  P/E-ratio (dry pollen): prolate,  shape (dry pollen): -,  outline in polar view (dry pollen): -,  infoldings (dry pollen): -,  aperture number: 3,  aperture type: colporus,  aperture condition: colporate,  aperture peculiarities: -

Ornamentation and Structure

LM  ornamentation LM: clavate,  nexine: present,  sexine: present,  SEM  ornamentation SEM: clavate,  suprasculpture SEM: microrugulate,  TEM  tectum: atectate,  infratectum: columellate,  foot layer: continuous,  endexine: -,  intine: bilayered,  wall peculiarities: -,  supratectal element: -

Miscellaneous

pollen coatings: pollenkitt, primexine matrix,  reserves in cytoplasm: -,  cell number: 2-celled,  Ubisch bodies: -

Annotations: Endexine is bilayered, with a thin compact outer endexine and a spongy inner endexine. The intine is three-layered in the aperture.

Author(s) of diagnosis: Santos, Rinaldo P.

Pictures

Detail of the staminate flowers

1. Detail of the staminate flowers

Polar view of the acetolyzed pollen

2. Polar view of the acetolyzed pollen

Detail of exine with clavae

3. Detail of exine with clavae

Equatorial view of the acetolyzed pollen

4. Equatorial view of the acetolyzed pollen

Pollen wall ektexine after sporoderm cleavage

5. Pollen wall ektexine after sporoderm cleavage

Pollen wall in the intrapertural zone,Ektexine,Endexine

6. Pollen wall in the intrapertural zone, Ektexine, Endexine

Overview showing tricolporate pollen grain in cross section,pollenkitt attached to pollen wall

7. Overview showing tricolporate pollen grain in cross section, pollenkitt attached to pollen wall

Detail of the aperture with a three layered intine

8. Detail of the aperture with a three layered intine

Picture legend

  1. Detail of the staminate flowers, photographer: Santos, R.
  2. Polar view of the acetolyzed pollen - dry, acetolyzed & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Santos, R.
  3. Detail of exine with clavae - dry, acetolyzed & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Santos, R.
  4. Equatorial view of the acetolyzed pollen - dry, acetolyzed & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Santos, R.
  5. Pollen wall ektexine after sporoderm cleavage - dry, acetolyzed & sputter coated with gold, photographer: Santos, R.
  6. Pollen wall in the intrapertural zone, Ektexine, Endexine - fixed, Fixed in glutaraldeyde-formaldeyde fixative and osmium tetroxide & Acrylic resin embedded, Potassium permanganate and lead citrate, photographer: Santos, R.
  7. Overview showing tricolporate pollen grain in cross section, pollenkitt attached to pollen wall - fixed, Fixed in glutaraldeyde-formaldeyde and osmium tetroxide & Acrylic resin embedded, Potassium permanganate and lead citrate, photographer: Santos, R.
  8. Detail of the aperture with a three layered intine - fixed, Fixed in glutaraldeyde-formaldeyde and osmium tetroxide & Acrylic resin embedded, Potassium permanganate and lead citrate, photographer: Santos, R.

Literature

  • Punt W, Blackmore S, Nilsson S, Le TA (1994) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. LPP Contributions Series, LPP Foundation, Utrecht 1: 71 pp
  • ERDTMAN G (1960) The acetolysis method Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 54: 561-564
  • BRAY DF and WAGENAAR EB (1978) A double staining technique for improved contrast of thin sections from Spurr-embedded tissue Canadian Journal of Botany 56: 129-132
  • ROLAND JC and VIAN B (1991) General preparation and staining of thin sections : 1-66
  • Scala C, Cenacchi G, Ferrari C, Pasquinelli G, Preda P, Manara GC (1992) A new acrylic resin formulation: a useful tool for histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical investigations The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 40: 1799-1804

Copyright and Citation

Cite this publication as:

Santos R. 2024. Ilex paraguariensis. In: PalDat - A palynological database. https://pc8.botanik.univie.ac.at/pub/Ilex_paraguariensis/306731;jsessionid=CF6ADE52EFC842B6B8498CB9217990CF; accessed 2025-01-10